Zhang Jia-xiang, a senior mining engineer working in the field of mine safety engineering.

Upon long-term observation of geo-pressure mine accidents, in the 1970s, Zhang began to study the source of massive geo-pressure causing such accidents. Titles of a series of papers on results of his studies and certain points from some of these papers are quoted below.

11.1. Centrifugal Force & Crust Movement (1984)

11.2. Proposal on establishing a united Earth crust observation network (1986)

(Submitted to the 3rd National Seismology Science Academic Symposium)

11.3. The Burial and Distribution of Gold Deposits as Inferred on the Basis of Geodynamic Principle (1987)

(Submitted to the Uranium & Gold Development Symposium of the Nuclear Society of China)

In this paper, Zhang pointed out: 

According to the “Earth’s rotation force calculation” by the author, under uniform revolution conditions, the distribution of the Earth’s rotation force will cause an away-from-poles force parallel to the crust, away from the two poles, pointing towards the equator. This force is constantly applied to the Earth’s crust (provided that the Earth does not stop its rotation motion), causes the crust to be under pre-stress conditions. 

People tend to disregard this force. However, the author’s calculation proves that the composition value of this force is great, and could exceed the compression resistance level of rock, and through composition action with the inertia force (the Earth’s revolution force) break the pre-stress balance conditions, thereby theoretically solve the force source issue of the crust’s movement. 

Earth dynamics, is the natural force controlling the Earth, or forms the global force conditions of the Earth, i.e. gravity force, self-rotation force, revolution speed variation inertia, and interplanetary attraction force (increment). These 4 forces form the geodynamics. 

From the viewpoints, conclusions and formular of “calculation of revolution force of the Earth” and “summarization of Earthquake time prediction”, the author considers that every point on Earth at the same time is subject to all these 4 kinds of force, thus establishes the basis of them to always work together. The composition action formed on such basis, is called the principles of geodynamics composition action. 

According to Kepler’s laws, the Earth’s revolution around the Sun is a variable speed motion, thus the Sun’s attraction force on the Earth continuously generates increments (△f).The Earth’s core and crust with spherical shape liquid mansion between is continuously subject to such massive inertia force. 

When the Earth revolutes from the “closest point to Sun” (speed V1=30.27km/s, radius r1=147.1Mkm) to the “farthest point to Sun” (speed V2=29.72km/s, radius r2=152.1Mkm), or revolutions from the “farthest point to Sun” back to the “closest point to Sun”, this attraction force increment (the massive inertia force) equals to: △f = ±1.4317 x 10g 

As liquid mansion is contained between the Earth’s core and crust, this enables displacement conditions between the Earth’s core and crust. From the applied force conditions, the Sun with its massive mass attraction force will apply attract on the Earth’s core, and apply repulsion to the Earth’s core. 

This massive attraction force increment (or inertia force), is aperiodically, and non-orientated applied to all ports of the Earth in a floating manner, causing the crust (barycenter), the core (barycenter) displace respectively from the geometry center of the globe. 

More precisely, the barycenter of both the core and the crust are not on the equator plane, the former at the South half of the globe, and the latter at the North half of the globe. Thus, when the mass of the crust increases when the crust becomes thicker, this inertia force shall force part of the crust to change its position and rift. 

When the thickness of the crust increases further, the strength of the crust also increases, restricting further rifting of the crust. This is the source and condition of the force causing part of the crust from the South half of the globe rift towards the North half of the globe. 

During the drift phase of the Earth, under the action of the Earth’s revolution inertia force, the crust enters into its 2nd assembly phase, causing dramatic draping of the crust in the North half of the globe, associated with massive magma activities and mountain forming movements.

In summary, Zhang clearly pointed out that the composed action of Geodynamics, including the Earth’s gravity force, self-rotation force, interplanetary attraction force, and especially the Earth’s revolution speed variation inertia, is the primary driving force of:

-- Continental drift; -- Crust structural movement;

-- Forming of faults; -- EQs; -- Volcanos

11.4. Report on Statistic Analysis For Correlativity of Ground- Pressure Mine Accidents With Volcanoes And Earthquakes -- Studies by Zhang Jia-xiang (1988) 

A revised version of the above report was submitted to the 2nd World Congress on Non-metallic Minerals, Oct. 1989, Beijing, China

Fig. 27 Relativity between a) Ground- pressure mine accidents; b) EQs; and c) Volcanos. 

The paper contained a chart shows that the development of a) Ground- pressure mine accidents; b) EQs; and c) Volcanos, indicate they are time wise in-phase, primary driven by similar force sources.

11.5. Using the Principle of Geodynamics Composition Action to Macro-predict Global Wide Volcanoes & Earthquakes

-- Zhang Jia-xiang, NorthWestern Seismological Journal (1993) 

Geodynamics is the composition effect of the 4 natural forces controlling the Earth’s motion or forming the global force conditions, i.e. gravity force, self-rotation force, revolution speed variation inertia, and interplanetary attraction force (increment). 

Using the principle of the geodynamic composition effect of the above 4 forces, could explain macro mechanical phenomena on the globe, i.e. continent drift, crust structural movement, magma movement, gravity abnormality, volcanos, EQs, geothermal, and formation of heavy metal ore beds. 

According to the principle of the geodynamic composition effect, and the author’s many years of EQ practice, could consider: EQ is a type of mechanical rupture. It is the increment of the geodynamics composition action value concentrating to a point on the deep depth floor of the crust, as a result of stress concentration causing rupture of the the rock – rock rupture. 

From view of the force source, it includes the basic force source and the inducement source. 

The pre-stress balance conditions formed by the Earth’s self-revolution centrifugal force, is the basis for developing rock rupture. The Earth’s inertia force and interplanetary attraction force increment is the triggering force source. 

For developing EQ predictions, must timely master the geodynamical activity conditions formed by planetary motions, i.e. astronomy phases and crust stress activity conditions.

11.6. “Seismology Theory - The Principle of Geodynamics Composition Action” (1993)

Zhang presented this a summary of this theory as a poster to the 5th Academic Symposium, China Seismology Society:

Conclusion 1: 

Normal force of the Earth’s constant speed rotation, in radiation direction away from the Earth’s center, it not only counteracts gravity force, but also could cause deformation of the Earth changing its oblate ratio, thus can not be ignored. As this force is perpendicular to the crust, it has nothing to do with horizontal movements of the crust and horizontal stress.

Conclusion 2: 

Earth’s constant speed self-rotation away-from-pole force, is horizontal with the crust, away from the 2 poles pointing towards the equator, its longitude distribution forms conditions of a force system. When suitable conditions for displacement and dynamic loads exist, its particle force system composition value, could reach or exceed the compression resistance level of rock. It thus cannot be ignored. Provided that Earth does not stop its rotation, this action will always convert into horizontal pre-stress contained in the crust, forming one of its force sources.

Fig. 28 The Earth’s revolution motion around the Sun

Conclusion 3: 

The speed of Earth’s revolution motion variables during its revolution around the Sun. The increased inertial force increment caused during the Earth’s revolution from its farthest-way- point to its closest-point to the Sun equals to 2.520079d2 x 1026 dyne. This force is massive, and could cause the Earth and its gravity field to change its motion speed, forming the strongest natural force on the globe.

Conclusion 4: 

The internal mass of the Earth are not uniform substance, uniform density. The different density layers of globe, i.e. the crust, mansion, core, etc, offer displacement conditions and flexibility.

Conclusion 5: 

According to calculations of the force conditions of the internal structure of the Earth caused by the revolution force of the Earth, it is confirmed that the barycenter of the crust, mansion and core do not superposition with each other. In reverse, comparative displacement or speed is resulted due to the self-revolution of the Earth, and the revolution of the Earth around the Sun. During acceleration, the barycenter of the Earth’s core is on the South-half of the globe, and the barycenter of the crust on on the North-half of the globe, and there is as much as 5 times difference between their displacement speeds.

Deduction 1: 

When the Earth’s core is under control of the revolution inertia force, it can be determined that its revolves over within the lithosphere of the Gudenberg plane, enabling the gravity field to be adjusted as required by the needs of revolution force increments variation. It is determined that this will cause pole displacement, nutation, magna convention, gravity abnormality, stress activities, magma penetration, volcanos and EQs.

Deduction 2: 

Gravity is not a constant. Upon composition with self-rotation force, revolution inertia force, interplanetary increments, forms gravity abnormality.

Deduction 3: 

Gravity has limitations. Because it is not the strongest natural force on the Earth. Therefore, it can not solve issues of Earth’s motion, drape upheaval, mountain formation movements, volcano rupture, etc. and other natural phenomina in reverse to the direction of gravity force.

Deduction 4: 

Interplanetary attraction force should belong to planetary forces within the solar system. Given consideration to the effect of planetary attraction field, it is not appropriate to calculate it according to the universal gravitation laws. As the transfer of such forces fall under the category of super media transfers, not so precise as solid, liquid mechanical transfer. This causes 2 – 3 days error in prediction of EQ occurrence dates. However, the author’s experiment proves, the cause an induction/triggering effect, cannot be ignored. 

The essential viewpoint of the above principle, considers that the revolution achieve by the “Solar Center Theory” is not to the core. 

During 1473 – 1543 when Copernicus proposed the “Solar Center Doctrine”, it was restricted by historical conditions at the time. Although it helped to solve the form of planetary movements, it was not able to point out the mechanical causality. 

This results in people continue to use the gravity force effect of “Earth Center Doctrine” to form the foundation for Earth science and many of its branches, misleading people to consider that gravity force is the natural force dominating the world, causing to ignore the more important effect of the Earth’s revolution force and self-rotation force, resulting the mechanical theory does not have the power to reveal natural phenomena contradict to the effects of gravity force. 

The essence of EQs is mechanical rupture. Force is the essence causing EQs. Magnetic, electricity, heat, wind, sounds, etc., are all phenomena that cannot be used to replace the essence.

☞ Next Section-->12. Result of researcher Wu Xi-hao’s and Prof. Yang Xue-xiang’s work

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